THE IMPACT OF CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF THE CASPIAN SEA ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE COASTAL ZONE OF AZERBAIJAN

Aliev A.S., Akhmetov N.I., Zeynalov I.M., Suleymanli D.G.

amir50@mail.ru

DOI: 10.59423/gnr.2024.83.40.012

 Abstract. The article presents the results of a study of the environmental situation in the shelf zone of the Azerbaijani waters of the Caspian Sea. In this area, the main processes affecting the environmental situation and important sources of pollution are analyzed. The types and quantitative characteristics of the main pollutants in the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea and in the open sea are shown. According to the degree of sea water pollution, the waters of Azerbaijan are divided into 4 characteristic zones (North, Absheron, Baku and South). The ecological situation of each zone is analyzed separately and its main characteristics are presented. The condition of the bottom surface of the study area is assessed and classified according to the degree of pollution. Information is presented on the main pollutants and their quantities emitted into the sea from the cities of Baku and Sumgait. In recent years, quantitative indicators of the content of pollutants in river runoff entering the sea through the Kura River have been shown. It is noted that the environmental problems of the Caspian Sea mainly arise as a result of seawater pollution during the development and trans­portation of hydrocarbon reserves on the con­ti­nental shelf of the sea. Various substances entering the sea by rivers, as well as various industrial chemicals and household waste coming directly from cities located on the sea coast are also important in this process.

Keywords: Caspian Sea, pollution, coastal zone, ecological state, Azerbaijan.

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Accepted for publication: March 15, 2024

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Aliev A.S., Akhmetov N.I., Zeynalov I.M., Suleymanli D.G. – The impact of changes in the level of the Caspian Sea on the ecological state of the coastal zone of Azerbaijan. Geography and Natural Resources, №1 (21), 2024, pp. 92-97.