Geography and Natural Resources

ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE, SNOW, AND PRECIPITATION REGIMES IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN (for the multi-year period 2017-2023)

R.N. Mahmudov1,  F.S. Dadashova2, M.F. Suleymanov3

1Ministry of Science and Education, Institute of Geography

[email protected]

2Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, National Hydrometeorology Service

[email protected]

3National Aviation Academy (Azerbaijan)

DOI: 10.59423/gnr.2025.44.17.003

Abstract

The analysis of multi-year observations shows that the average annual temperatures in the Republic of Azerbaijan, as well as the Greater and Lesser Caucasus regions, are increasing both compared to the norm and to previous years. The average annual temperature increased the most in the Greater and Lesser Caucasus in 2021. A decrease in snow and rain is observed across the Republic over the years. Multi-year observations show that in years when snow decreases, rain increases, and in years when rain decreases, more snow falls in that same area. In the Republic of Azerbaijan, snow started falling in October 2021. In 2021, precipitation (rainfall) in the country was 134 mm below the norm. Compared to the 2020-2023 period, the most snow fell in 2022, primarily in January. In 2022, precipitation was 144.3 mm below the norm. In the years 2022-2023, snow fell even in May and April. In May 2023, more snow fell than in November of the same year. Although snow fell in the Republic in April and May of 2023, it decreased compared to the January, February, March, and December months of previous years. Conversely, rainfall increased and was approximately equal to the norm. The average annual temperature was 2.0°C above the norm in 2022 and 2.2°C above the norm in 2023.

Keywords: Greater Caucasus, Lesser Caucasus, average annual temperature, meteorological elements, snow, rain, observation data

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Accepted for publication: June 10, 2025

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R.N. Mahmudov,  F.S. Dadashova, M.F. Suleymanov – Analysıs of temperature, snow, and precıpıtatıon regımes ın the republıc of azerbaıjan (for the multi-year period 2017-2023) . Geography and Natural Resources, №1 (23), 2025, pp. 17-21.