{"id":4465,"date":"2024-12-27T13:06:41","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T09:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/?p=4465"},"modified":"2026-02-13T11:55:33","modified_gmt":"2026-02-13T07:55:33","slug":"iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/","title":{"rendered":"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE"},"content":{"rendered":"

R.H.Gardashov<\/strong><\/p>\n

rauf_gardashov@yahoo.co.uk<\/p>\n

DOI: 10.59423\/gnr.2024.38.96.015<\/a><\/p>\n

Annotation<\/strong>. The inability to provide an accurate long-term forecast of Caspian Sea level changes leads to the conclusion that adaptation to level fluctuations is the only rational strategy in coastal zone infrastructure planning. This necessitates the use of lightweight construction technologies that can be shifted, lowered, or raised while maintaining aesthetic appeal. The level changes observed from the start of instrumental measurements in 1837 until 2023 are divided into 7 stages according to trends, and the nature of these changes is analyzed. Level fluctuations are reflected in the dynamics of the shoreline, making the precise determination of the “reference shoreline” coordinates using high-resolution satellite images of scientific and practical significance. In the “Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea,” the shoreline plays a critical role, referred to as the “normal baseline,” which is used to determine a country’s territorial waters and fishing zone. The displacement of the “reference shoreline” in Caspian coastal countries, particularly along the Azerbaijani coast from 1985 to 2020, is determined using ArcGIS tools and other software applications. A spectral analysis of the observed level changes is performed, identifying 10 significant harmonics that reflect the main characteristics of these changes. The connection between these harmonics and geological periods, as well as astronomical factors, is noted.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Caspian Sea, level fluctuations, shoreline, spectral analysis, geological periods.<\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0410.\u0421.\u0410\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u0420.\u0413.\u0413\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432, \u0414.\u0413.\u0421\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043d-\u043b\u044b. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434-\u043d\u0438\u0435 180 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b, 2022.<\/li>\n
  2. R.H.Gardashov, T.T.Mamishova S<\/strong>tudy of the dynamics of the coastal zone of the caspian sea based on satellite image processing. XI \u0412\u0441\u0435-\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435-\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u00a0 \u0435\u0441-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u00bb (ONW\u20192021) \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440-\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433. 2021, c 187-193<\/li>\n
  3. \u041a\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043b \u0417. \u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u041c\u0418\u0420, \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1987 \u0433., 246 \u0441\u0442\u0440.<\/li>\n
  4. Yang, Y., Song, X. Multidecadal variation of the Earth\u2019s inner-core rotation.\u00a0Nat. Geosci.<\/em>16<\/strong>, pp. 182\u2013187 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-022-01112-z.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Accepted for publication<\/strong>: November 15, 2024<\/p>\n

    Download article<\/strong><\/p>\n

    R.H. Gardashov –<\/strong> Fluctuations in the Caspian Sea level against the background of climate change\u00a0and their impact on the coastal zone. Geography and Natural Resources, \u21162 (22), 2024, pp. 96-103.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    R.H.Gardashov rauf_gardashov@yahoo.co.uk DOI: 10.59423\/gnr.2024.38.96.015 Annotation. The inability to provide an accurate long-term forecast of Caspian Sea level changes leads to the conclusion that adaptation to level fluctuations is the only rational strategy in coastal zone infrastructure planning. This necessitates the use of lightweight construction technologies that can be shifted, lowered, or raised while maintaining aesthetic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mqallr"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"\nFLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"az\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"R.H.Gardashov rauf_gardashov@yahoo.co.uk DOI: 10.59423\/gnr.2024.38.96.015 Annotation. The inability to provide an accurate long-term forecast of Caspian Sea level changes leads to the conclusion that adaptation to level fluctuations is the only rational strategy in coastal zone infrastructure planning. This necessitates the use of lightweight construction technologies that can be shifted, lowered, or raised while maintaining aesthetic […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Geography and Natural Resources\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-27T09:06:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-13T07:55:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-27-\u043c\u0430\u0440.-2026-\u0433.-01_39_18.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sarkhan Jafarov\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sarkhan Jafarov\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sarkhan Jafarov\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/399177fc9f3c3362bd28cb5c728f0fda\"},\"headline\":\"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-27T09:06:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-13T07:55:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1303,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"M\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r arxiv \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/\",\"name\":\"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-27T09:06:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-13T07:55:33+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/\",\"name\":\"Co\u011frafiya v\u0259 T\u0259bii Resurslar\",\"description\":\"International peer-reviewed open access journal in geography, natural resources, environmental and earth sciences, publishing high-quality research and reviews.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Geography and Natural Resources\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Co\u011frafiya v\u0259 T\u0259bii Resurslar\",\"alternateName\":\"Geography and Natural Resources\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/az-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/az-logo.png\",\"width\":2185,\"height\":2185,\"caption\":\"Co\u011frafiya v\u0259 T\u0259bii Resurslar\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/399177fc9f3c3362bd28cb5c728f0fda\",\"name\":\"Sarkhan Jafarov\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7428567dec5d0f53096ac796f7920fff81e6a9ef5c7513856108aeaaebbd51d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7428567dec5d0f53096ac796f7920fff81e6a9ef5c7513856108aeaaebbd51d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7428567dec5d0f53096ac796f7920fff81e6a9ef5c7513856108aeaaebbd51d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Sarkhan Jafarov\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/journal.geonatres.az\\\/en\\\/author\\\/emil\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"[:az]\u0130QL\u0130M D\u018fY\u0130\u015eM\u018fL\u018fR\u0130 FONUNDA X\u018fZ\u018fR D\u018fN\u0130Z\u0130N\u0130N S\u018fV\u0130YY\u018f T\u018fR\u018fDD\u00dcDL\u018fR\u0130 V\u018f BUNUN SAH\u0130L ZONASINA T\u018fS\u0130R\u0130[:en]FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE[:] - Geography and Natural Resources","og_description":"R.H.Gardashov rauf_gardashov@yahoo.co.uk DOI: 10.59423\/gnr.2024.38.96.015 Annotation. The inability to provide an accurate long-term forecast of Caspian Sea level changes leads to the conclusion that adaptation to level fluctuations is the only rational strategy in coastal zone infrastructure planning. This necessitates the use of lightweight construction technologies that can be shifted, lowered, or raised while maintaining aesthetic […]","og_url":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/","og_site_name":"Geography and Natural Resources","article_published_time":"2024-12-27T09:06:41+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-13T07:55:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1536,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ChatGPT-Image-27-\u043c\u0430\u0440.-2026-\u0433.-01_39_18.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Sarkhan Jafarov","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Sarkhan Jafarov","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/"},"author":{"name":"Sarkhan Jafarov","@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#\/schema\/person\/399177fc9f3c3362bd28cb5c728f0fda"},"headline":"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE","datePublished":"2024-12-27T09:06:41+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-13T07:55:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/"},"wordCount":1303,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#organization"},"articleSection":["M\u0259qal\u0259l\u0259r arxiv \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/","url":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/","name":"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-12-27T09:06:41+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-13T07:55:33+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/iqlim-deyismeleri-fonunda-xezer-denizinin-seviyye-tereddudleri-ve-bunun-sahil-zonasina-tesiri\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"FLUCTUAT\u0130ONS \u0130N THE CASP\u0130AN SEA LEVEL AGA\u0130NST THE BACKGROUND OF CL\u0130MATE CHANGE AND THE\u0130R IMPACT ON THE COASTAL ZONE"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#website","url":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/","name":"Co\u011frafiya v\u0259 T\u0259bii Resurslar","description":"International peer-reviewed open access journal in geography, natural resources, environmental and earth sciences, publishing high-quality research and reviews.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Geography and Natural Resources","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#organization","name":"Co\u011frafiya v\u0259 T\u0259bii Resurslar","alternateName":"Geography and Natural Resources","url":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/az-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/az-logo.png","width":2185,"height":2185,"caption":"Co\u011frafiya v\u0259 T\u0259bii Resurslar"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/#\/schema\/person\/399177fc9f3c3362bd28cb5c728f0fda","name":"Sarkhan Jafarov","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7428567dec5d0f53096ac796f7920fff81e6a9ef5c7513856108aeaaebbd51d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7428567dec5d0f53096ac796f7920fff81e6a9ef5c7513856108aeaaebbd51d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7428567dec5d0f53096ac796f7920fff81e6a9ef5c7513856108aeaaebbd51d4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Sarkhan Jafarov"},"url":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/author\/emil\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4465"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4762,"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4465\/revisions\/4762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.geonatres.az\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}